Western Themed Templates

Hemodialysis patients. The urinary

If the kidneys fail to function, then there is an accumulation of waste products that the body would normally remove. Through
dialysis fluids (like water that when the kidneys are unable to delete) and waste products (potassium and urea) of blood. All this through a semipermeable membrane and porous separating the blood of another fluid called dialysate.








In hemodialysis using a machine that performs the above process regulating blood flow and the amount of liquid that is to be extracted.
Blood and dialysis fluid circulating separated by artificial semipermeable membrane.

Vascular access frequently used in patients:

• subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula.
• femoral vein. (Commonly used in patients in the ICU)
• internal jugular vein. (Typically used in patients in ICU).
• subclavian vein. (Typically used in patients in ICU).

For extra corporeal circulation is used possible heparin to prevent blood clotting.

How the Hemodialysis
A hemodialysis machine has a special filter called a dialyzer or artificial kidney
, which cleans the blood. For your blood to pass by dialyzer
physician must establish an access or entry to the blood vessels. This is done
minor surgery, usually in the arm.
can create three different types of access : fistula, graft or catheter.

• fistula is the first choice of access. Is done by joining an artery to a nearby vein, under the skin, creating a larger blood vessel. This access is preferred because it has fewer complications and lasts longer. At least six months before you need to start dialysis should be evaluated by a specialist, a vascular surgeon. The fistula must create early (several months before starting dialysis), so you have enough time to heal and be ready for when you need treatment.

• graft may be used: If your blood vessels are not suitable for a fistula. In this case connects an artery to a vein near a small, soft tube of synthetic material is placed under the skin . When the fistula or graft have healed will place two needles, one on the side of the artery and one on the side of the vein of the fistula or graft, each time you receive treatment. The needles are connected to plastic tubes. A tube carries blood to the dialyzer where clean and the other tube returns the cleaned blood to your body.

• Catheter: is inserted into a large vein in the neck or chest. This access is usually used when required dialysis for a short time. Catheters can also be used as permanent access, but only when it is possible to create a fistula or graft. Catheters can be connected directly to the dialysis tubes and therefore does not use needles. He referred to a surgeon for establishing vascular access.

How do you clean the dialyzer blood?

The dialyzer or filter consists of two parts: one for blood and one for a washing fluid called dialysate.
A thin membrane separates the two sides. Blood cells, proteins and other important elements remain in the blood because they are too large to pass through the membrane. The smaller waste products like urea, creatinine and excess fluid pass through the membrane and are eliminated. The dialysate or lavage fluid can be modified for special
needs.

Hemodialysis treatments are usually done three times a week. Each treatment lasts approximately
four hours, but you may need more
time to ensure that sufficient to eliminate waste and fluid.
The duration of dialysis depends on:

1. The degree of kidney function.
2. fluid increases much weight from one treatment to another.
3. weight.

Functions Nursing Assistant Dialysis Unit:

• The nursing assistant will receive the patient.
• We provide help with dressing pajamas and if necessary our collaboration.
• available bathe the tip of the arteriovenous fistula.
• Take the patient to the dialysis room.
• Take the patient's temperature at the beginning and the end of dialysis. Enter both on the log sheet.
• Weigh the patient at the beginning and the end of dialysis. Enter both on the log sheet.
• Place the patient in the chair.
• Assist DUE doctor or nurse as needed. Prepare the material
• dialysis.
• will monitor the patient and the nurse informed of any abnormality observed DUE.
• collect and send samples to the laboratory.
• Keep the room orderly dialysis.
• Clean, package, receive and record the sterilized material.
• Check the monitors are working properly and disinfected.

Care arteriovenous fistula:

• dressing removal every 4 hours after dialysis. Wash
• arm fistula have every day with soap and water.
• Where do abnormality DUE tell the nurse.
• press in case of bleeding at the site of the puncture.

Important: When you take blood to the patient not we measure in the arm that has a fistula arteriovenous.