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The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. In the adult size is approximately a fist. Each has about 12 inches long. The kidneys are located on both sides of the spine just above the lumbar region.

Areas where splitting one kidney:

• The renal capsule : Outer layer formed by a membrane of fibrous connective tissue.

• The cortex : it has a granular appearance due to Malpighian corpuscles. Forms a continuous cover under the renal capsule with extension into the interior: the renal columns.

• The medulla, has striated appearance due to its division into sectors by renal columns. These sectors are called renal pyramids .

• The renal pelvis : tubular area that collects urine.

The meatus urethra is behind the clit, between it and the vagina, and is the opening for urination. Its proximity to the vagina and the short distance of the female urethra, favor the development of lower urinary tract infections commonly called cystitis.
urinary functions are:

• excretion of waste products of cell metabolism.

• Maintain water balance. Keep

• ion balance (concentration of ions in the internal environment) and therefore osmática pressure. In other words performs osmoregulation . Keep

• acid-base balance by regulating the concentration of hydrogen ions (H + ) in blood plasma.

These functions allow you to adjust the internal environment, achieving, maintaining the composition of interstitial fluid and blood.

renal failure: This occurs when the kidneys are no longer doing the following tasks:

• remove wastes and water from the blood.
• balance of chemicals in the blood.
• control blood pressure.
• help produce red blood cells.
• produce vitamin D helps keep bones strong and healthy.

Kidneys can fail for various reasons: There are many causes that leads to kidney failure. In some people may even be unknown to the cause.
is known that problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure increases the likelihood of a malfunction of the kidneys.

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Measures to prevent renal failure:

• No smoking.
• Make regular moderate exercise. Make
• controls blood pressure regularly. Watch
• cholesterol.
• Maintaining a healthy diet. Take fresh foods and low in salt. Avoid foods high in fat.